The RS-232 interface is a standard for serial binary data interchange between devices. It allows up to 20 signals but only requires 3 wires: send data, receive data, and signal ground. Communication uses asynchronous transmission of start bits, data bits, optional parity bits, and stop bits. The standard connector has 25 pins but many signals are unnecessary for direct computer-terminal connections. RS-232 specifies voltage levels for logic 1 and 0 signals and establishes compatibility but not communication between compliant devices.
At multigigabit per second data rates and with channel flight times longer than a bit period, signal integrity is a major concern. Under these conditions, high-speed analog effects, previously only seen in high frequency RF and microwave engineering, can impair the signal quality and degrade the bit error rate of the link. This hands-on workshop will show you how use Advanced Design System (ADS) to dramatically reduced product design cycles by resolving these issues early in the design cycle. Using PCI Express serial link as an example, we’ll illustrate how you can: Analyze complete serial links by co-simulating individual components, each at its most appropriate level of abstraction: link-, circuit- or physical-level. Import S-parameter backplane and interconnect models accurately into transient (SPICE) simulations. Perform jitter diagnosis with the proven EZJIT Plus algorithm used in Agilent instruments.
This product is a transceiver module designed for 2km optical communication applications. The design is compliant to 1000GBASE CWDM4 MSA standard. The module converts 4 inputs channels (ch) of 25Gb/s electrical data to 4 CWDM optical signals, and multiplexes them into a single channel for 100Gb/s optical transmission. Reversely, on the receiver side, the module optically de-multiplexes a 100Gb/s input into 4 CWDM channels signals, and converts them to 4 channel output electrical data.
The central wavelengths of the 4 CWDM channels are 1271, 1291, 1311 and 1331 nm as members of the CWDM wavelength grid defined in ITU-T G.694.2. It contains a duplex LC connector for the optical interface and a 38-pin connector for the electrical interface. To minimize the optical dispersion in the long-haul system, single-mode fiber (SMF) has to be applied in this module. Host FEC is required to support up to 2km fiber transmission.
The product is designed with form factor, optical/electrical connection and digital diagnostic interface according to the QSFP28 Multi-Source Agreement (MSA). It has been designed to meet the harshest external operating conditions including temperature, humidity and EMI interference.
SGSN- serving gprs support node - Platform - HW, SW and CLI Mustafa Golam
This presentations contains introductory to Intermediate topics on Ericsson MKVI SGSNs with great details on HW, SW and platform specific CLI. This can be relevant for Introductory to Advance level of knowledge in SGSN.
October 8, 2014 Webcast Identifying PCI Express 3.0 Dynamic Equalization Problems
Dynamic equalization training is a unique capability in modern day serial data communication. Through optimization of transmitter and receiver equalization parameters we can push the limits of serial data rates. Troubleshooting dynamic equalization problems at the Physical and Protocol layers requires testing for proper functionality and compliance.
Join Teledyne LeCroy's Stephen Mueller for this webinar to understand how to address this measurement challenge. The presentation will include real measurement examples and debugging techniques to pinpoint problems in the physical and protocol layers.
The presentation covers the basics of packet forwarding and simplified architecture of the router. Additionally it explains what problem Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) solves and how. At the end static routing is covered.
Delivered by Dmitry Figol, CCIE R&S #53592.
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) is a Cisco proprietary redundancy protocol for establishing a faulttolerant default gateway, and has been described in detail in RFC 2281.
The protocol establishes a framework between network routers in order to achieve default gateway
failover if the primary gateway becomes inaccessible, in close association with a rapid-converging
routing protocol like EIGRP or OSPF. By multicasting packets, HSRP sends its hello messages to the
multicast address 224.0.0.2 (all routers) for version 1, or 224.0.0.102 for version 2, using UDP port 1985,
to other HSRP-enabled routers, defining priority between the routers.
Datasheet related to 256X256 PCM channel SWITCH invented by Piero Belforte (CSELT LABS) in 1979 as ECI (Elemento di Commutazione Integrato). The ECI serves about 27 Million public telephone lines worldwide
Practical Radio Telemetry Systems for IndustryLiving Online
This manual covers topics such as antennas and fixed systems. Other essentials of data communications (and Ethernet) are also reviewed as they apply to radio telemetry systems. A selection of case studies is used to illustrate the key concepts with examples of real-world radio telemetry systems in the water, electrical and processing industries.
MORE INFORMATION:
http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-radio-telemetry-systems-industry-35?id=119
Hands On Data Communications, Networking and TCP/IP TroubleshootingLiving Online
More and more people who work in plants need to understand how data from the field is transmitted to the control room and even to Manufacturing Execution Systems located in head offices situated considerable distances from the plant. It is a technological marvel and this manual helps you to understand the flow of information and the various techniques involved in it.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/hands-data-communications-networking-and-tcpip-troubleshooting-30?id=37
At multigigabit per second data rates and with channel flight times longer than a bit period, signal integrity is a major concern. Under these conditions, high-speed analog effects, previously only seen in high frequency RF and microwave engineering, can impair the signal quality and degrade the bit error rate of the link. This hands-on workshop will show you how use Advanced Design System (ADS) to dramatically reduced product design cycles by resolving these issues early in the design cycle. Using PCI Express serial link as an example, we’ll illustrate how you can: Analyze complete serial links by co-simulating individual components, each at its most appropriate level of abstraction: link-, circuit- or physical-level. Import S-parameter backplane and interconnect models accurately into transient (SPICE) simulations. Perform jitter diagnosis with the proven EZJIT Plus algorithm used in Agilent instruments.
This product is a transceiver module designed for 2km optical communication applications. The design is compliant to 1000GBASE CWDM4 MSA standard. The module converts 4 inputs channels (ch) of 25Gb/s electrical data to 4 CWDM optical signals, and multiplexes them into a single channel for 100Gb/s optical transmission. Reversely, on the receiver side, the module optically de-multiplexes a 100Gb/s input into 4 CWDM channels signals, and converts them to 4 channel output electrical data.
The central wavelengths of the 4 CWDM channels are 1271, 1291, 1311 and 1331 nm as members of the CWDM wavelength grid defined in ITU-T G.694.2. It contains a duplex LC connector for the optical interface and a 38-pin connector for the electrical interface. To minimize the optical dispersion in the long-haul system, single-mode fiber (SMF) has to be applied in this module. Host FEC is required to support up to 2km fiber transmission.
The product is designed with form factor, optical/electrical connection and digital diagnostic interface according to the QSFP28 Multi-Source Agreement (MSA). It has been designed to meet the harshest external operating conditions including temperature, humidity and EMI interference.
SGSN- serving gprs support node - Platform - HW, SW and CLI Mustafa Golam
This presentations contains introductory to Intermediate topics on Ericsson MKVI SGSNs with great details on HW, SW and platform specific CLI. This can be relevant for Introductory to Advance level of knowledge in SGSN.
October 8, 2014 Webcast Identifying PCI Express 3.0 Dynamic Equalization Problems
Dynamic equalization training is a unique capability in modern day serial data communication. Through optimization of transmitter and receiver equalization parameters we can push the limits of serial data rates. Troubleshooting dynamic equalization problems at the Physical and Protocol layers requires testing for proper functionality and compliance.
Join Teledyne LeCroy's Stephen Mueller for this webinar to understand how to address this measurement challenge. The presentation will include real measurement examples and debugging techniques to pinpoint problems in the physical and protocol layers.
The presentation covers the basics of packet forwarding and simplified architecture of the router. Additionally it explains what problem Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) solves and how. At the end static routing is covered.
Delivered by Dmitry Figol, CCIE R&S #53592.
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) is a Cisco proprietary redundancy protocol for establishing a faulttolerant default gateway, and has been described in detail in RFC 2281.
The protocol establishes a framework between network routers in order to achieve default gateway
failover if the primary gateway becomes inaccessible, in close association with a rapid-converging
routing protocol like EIGRP or OSPF. By multicasting packets, HSRP sends its hello messages to the
multicast address 224.0.0.2 (all routers) for version 1, or 224.0.0.102 for version 2, using UDP port 1985,
to other HSRP-enabled routers, defining priority between the routers.
Datasheet related to 256X256 PCM channel SWITCH invented by Piero Belforte (CSELT LABS) in 1979 as ECI (Elemento di Commutazione Integrato). The ECI serves about 27 Million public telephone lines worldwide
Practical Radio Telemetry Systems for IndustryLiving Online
This manual covers topics such as antennas and fixed systems. Other essentials of data communications (and Ethernet) are also reviewed as they apply to radio telemetry systems. A selection of case studies is used to illustrate the key concepts with examples of real-world radio telemetry systems in the water, electrical and processing industries.
MORE INFORMATION:
http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-radio-telemetry-systems-industry-35?id=119
Hands On Data Communications, Networking and TCP/IP TroubleshootingLiving Online
More and more people who work in plants need to understand how data from the field is transmitted to the control room and even to Manufacturing Execution Systems located in head offices situated considerable distances from the plant. It is a technological marvel and this manual helps you to understand the flow of information and the various techniques involved in it.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/hands-data-communications-networking-and-tcpip-troubleshooting-30?id=37
A complete ppt for network connectors and interface standards. Modems with types and version are also added in it. utility of cable modem alongwith null modem are described in it. a useful presentation for persons looking for networking devices at physical layer.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
1. RS-232 INTERFACE
Introduction:
The RS-232 interface is the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard for the interchange of serial binary
data between two devices. It was initially developed by the EIA to standardize the connection of computers with telephone
line modems. The standard allows as many as 20 signals to be defined, but gives complete freedom to the user. Three
wires are sufficient: send data, receive data, and signal ground. The remaining lines can be hardwired on or off
permanently. The signal transmission is bipolar, requiring two voltages, from 5 to 25 volts, of opposite polarity.
Communication Standards:
The industry custom is to use an asynchronous word consisting of: a start bit, seven or eight data bits, an optional
parity bit and one or two stop bits. The baud rate at which the word sent is device-dependent. The baud rate is usually
150 times an integer power of 2, ranging from 0 to 7 (150, 300, 600 ,...., 19,200 ). Below 150 baud, many system-unique
rates are used. The standard RS-232-C connector has 25 pins, 21 pins which are used in the complete standard. Many of
the modem signals are not needed when a computer terminal is connected directly to a computer, and Figure 1 illustrates
how some of the "spare" pins should be linked if not needed. Figure 1 also illustrates the pin numbering used in the original
DB-25 connector and that now commonly used with a DB-9 connector normally used in modern computers
Specifying compliance to RS-232 only establishes that the signal levels in two devices will be compatible and that
if both devices use the suggested connector, they may be able to be connected. Compliance to RS-232 does not imply that
the devices will be able to communicate or even acknowledge each other's presence.
RS-232 Interface
Frame (Chassis) Ground
1 1
Transmit data Transmit data 2 3
3 2
Receive data Receive data 3 2
2 3
Signal Ground 7 5
5 7
Request to send Request to send 4
7 4 7
COMPUTER Clear to send Clear to send TERMINAL
8 5 5 8
Carrier detect Carrier detect 8 1
1 8
Data set ready Data set ready 6
6 6 6
Ring indicator Ring indicator 22 9
9 22
Data terminal ready Data terminal ready 20 4
4 20
Figure 1. Direct-to-computer RS-232 Interface
9-2.1
2. Table 1 shows the signal names, and functions of the RS-232 serial port pinout. Table 2 shows a complete pin description
Table 1. RS-232 Serial Port Pinout
Name Pin Signal Name Function
AA 1 PG This line is connected to the chassis ground of the GPIB-232CV. Since the
Protective Ground GPIB-232CV chassis ground is not connected to earth ground, pin 1 should be
connected on both serial devices.
BA 2 TxD This line carries serial data from the GPIB-232CV to the serial host.
Transmit Data
BB 3 RxD This line carries serial data from the serial host to the GPIB-232CV.
Receive Data
CA 4 RTS This signal line is driven by the GPIB-232CV and when asserted indicates that
Request to Send the GPIB-232CV is ready to accept serial data. The GPIB-232CV unasserts
RTS when it is no longer ready to accept serial data because of a buffer full
condition.
CB 5 CTS This signal line is asserted by the serial host and sensed by the GPIB-232CV.
Clear to Send When asserted, it indicates that the serial host is ready to accept serial data.
When unasserted, it indicates that data transmission should be disabled.
AB 7 SG This line establishes a reference point for all interface voltages.
Signal Ground
CD 20 DTR This signal line is asserted by the GPIB-232CV to signal that it has been
Data Terminal powered on, and is ready to operate.
Ready
Table 2. RS-232C Interface Signals.
Pin Description Pin Description PinDescription
1 Protective Ground 10 (Reserved for Data Set Testing) 19 Secondary Request to Send
2 Transmitted Data 11 Unassigned 20 Data Terminal Ready
3 Received Data 12 Sec. Rec'd. Line Sig. Detector 21 Signal Quality Detector
4 Request to Send 13 Sec. Clear to Send 22 Ring Indicator
5 Clear to Send 14 Secondary Transmitted Data 23 Data Signal Rate Selector
(DTE/DCE Source)
6 Data Set Ready 15 Transmission Signal Element Timing 24 Transmit Signal Element
(DCE Source) Timing (DTE Source)
7 Signal Ground (Common 16 Secondary Received Data 25 Unassigned
Return)
8 Received Line Signal 17 Receiver Signal Element Timing
Detector (DCE Source)
9 (Reserved for Data Set 18 Unassigned
Testing)
9-2.2
3. Electrical Characteristics: The RS-232-C specifies the signaling rate between the DTE and DCE, and a digital signal is used
on all interchange circuits. The RS-232 standard specifies that logic "1" is to be sent as a voltage in the range -15 to -5 V
and that logic "0" is to sent as a voltage in the range +5 to +15 V. The standard specifies that voltages of at least 3 V in
amplitude will always be recognized correctly at the receiver according to their polarity, so that appreciable attenuation
along the line can be tolerated. The transfer rate is rated > 20 kbps and a distance of < 15m. Greater distance and data
rates are possible with good design, but it is reasonable to assume that these limits apply in practice as well as in theory.
The load impedance of the terminator side of the interface must be between 3000 and 7000 ohms, and not more than
2500pF.
Table 3, summarizes the functional specifications of the most important circuits.
Table 3. RS-232-C Circuit Definitions
Direction
Name Function
to:
Data Signals
Transmitted Data (BA) DCE Data generated by DTE
Received Data (BB) DTE Data Received by DTE
Timing signals
Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DA) DCE Clocking signal, transitions to ON and OFF occur at center of each signal element
Transmitter Signal Element Timing (DB) DTE Clocking signal, as above; both leads relate to signals on BA
Receiver Signal Element Timing (DD) DTE Clocking signal, as above, for circuit BB
Control Signals
Request to Send (CA) DCE DTE wishes to transmit
Clear to Send (CB) DTE DCE is ready to transmit; response to request to send
Data Set Ready (CC) DTE DCE is ready to operate
Data Terminal Ready (CD) DCE DTE is ready to operate
Ring Indicator (CE) DTE Indicates that DCE is receiving a ringing signal on the communication channel
Carrier Detect (CF) DTE Indicates that DCE is receiving a carrier signal
Signal Quality Detector (CG) DTE Asserted when there is reason to believe there is an error in the received data
Data Signal Rate Selector (CH) DCE Asserted to select the higher of two possible data rates
Data Signal Rate Selector (CI) DTE Asserted to select the higher of two possible data rates
Ground
Protective Ground (AA) NA Attached to machine frame and possibly external grounds
Signal Ground (AB) NA Establishes common ground reference for all circuits
Range: The RS-232-C standard specifies that the maximum length of cable between the transmitter and receiver should
not exceed 100 feet, Although in practice many systems are used in which the distance between transmitter and receiver
exceeds this rather low figure. The limited range of the RS-232C standard is one of its major shortcomings compared with
other standards which offer greater ranges within their specifications. One reason why the range of the RS-232C standard
is limited is the need to charge and discharge the capacitance of the cable connecting the transmitter and receiver.
Mechanical Characteristics: The connector for the RS-232-C is a 25 pin connector with a specific arrangement of wires.
In theory, a 25 wire cable could be used to connect the Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) to the Data Communication
Equipment (DCE). The DTE is a device that is acting as a data source , data sink, or both, e.g. a terminal, peripheral or
computer. The DCE is a device that provides the functions required to establish, maintain,and terminate a data-transmission
connecting, as well as the signal conversion, and coding required for communication between data terminal equipment and
data circuit; e.g. a modem. Table 4, shows the complete summary of the RS-232-C, e.g., descriptor, sponsor, data format,
etc.
9-2.3
4. Table 4. Summary of the RS-232-C
Data Format 5- to 8- bit serial
Transfer Type Asynchronous
Error Handling Optional Parity Bit
Connector 25-pin female connector on DCE; 25-pin male connector on DTE
Length 20 meters
Speed 20 kb/s
Remarks RS-232 is used in the microcomputer world for communications between two DTEs. The null-
modem is included into one or both connecting devices, and/or cable and is seldom documented.
As a result, establishing an RS-232 connection between two DTEs is frequently a difficult task.
9-2.4